Writers Den

SPSS Homework 6 Instructions:

Prediction – Bivariate Linear Regression

CHERISE TURNER PSYC 355-D03

Part
1:

Note: Thez-scoring method used
in thepractice data file is covered
in Lesson 19 during PSYC 354.You will
use raw data for all homework exercises, with no need to convert toz scores.

Green
& Salkind: Lesson 33 – Exercises 1, 3–4

The following helpful tips are numbered to
correspond with the exercise number to which they refer:

1.
Useraw scores, notz scores,
in the regression analysis. (3 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–e)

	Descriptive Statistics
		Mean	Std. Deviation	N
	Number of times hitting a peer	11.60	20.095	10
	Number of times hitting a bobo doll	4.90	8.048	10
Correlations
	Number of times hitting a peer	Number of times hitting a bobo doll
Pearson Correlation	Number of times hitting a peer	1.000	.930
Number of times hitting a bobo doll	.930	1.000
Sig. (1-tailed)	Number of times hitting a peer	.	.000
Number of times hitting a bobo doll	.000	.
N	Number of times hitting a peer	10	10
Number of times hitting a bobo doll	10	10
Model Summaryb
Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate	Durbin-Watson
1	.930a	.865	.848	7.835	2.066

	ANOVAb
	Model	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
	1	Regression	3143.306	1	3143.306	51.205	.000a
	Residual	491.094	8	61.387
	Total	3634.400	9
Coefficientsa
Model	Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.	95.0% Confidence Interval for B	Collinearity Statistics
B	Std. Error	Beta	Lower Bound	Upper Bound	Tolerance	VIF
1	(Constant)	.221	2.944		.075	.942	-6.568	7.010
Number of times hitting a bobo doll	2.322	.325	.930	7.156	.000	1.574	3.071	1.000	1.000

a. Slope associated with the predictor: 2.322

b. Additive constant for the regression equation: 0.221

c. Mean number of times children struck a classmate: 11.60

d. Correlation between the number of times they hit bobo doll and the
number of times they hit a peer: 0.930

e. Standard error of the estimate: 7.835

3.
Write the answer to the last
part of this question beneath your graph, in sentence form. (3 pts)

The scatterplot graph shows that the relationship between the variables
is a strong positive linear correlation. As the number of times the children
hit the bobo doll increased, the number of times the children hit peers also
increases. The linear regression model is a good fit for the data and also an
appropriate tool to use for analysis.

4. All homework
Results sections must follow the example given in the SPSS tutorial
presentations and the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical
Tests in Current APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to a figure).Note: The statistical statement for a
bivariate linear regression must include at least the equation of the line and
the confidence interval for the slope (the second row under Confidence
Intervals in the output), as well as a decision about the null hypothesis. (3
pts)

APA Reslults: A bivariate
regression analysis was used to determine if the number of times a boy hit a
bobo doll could predict the number of times the boy would hit a peer. The
results of the regression indicated that hitting a bobo doll explained 86.5% of
the variance in the dependent variable (number of times the boy hit a
classmate). The regression model was statistically significant in predicting
outcome, F (1, 8) = 51.205, p < 0.001, R² = 0.865. Number of
times hitting a bobo doll was statistically significant with beta of 2.322
(1.574, 3071). With an increase by 1 time that the child hits a bobo doll, the
number of times a child hits a peer will increase by 2.322. The relationship
between the variables could be predicted by the equation: number of times the
child will hit a peer = 2.322 (the number of times the child hit a bobo doll) +
0.221. We reject the null hypothesis. Hitting a bobo doll can predict hitting a
peer.

Part
2:

1.
An educational psychologist
is interested in whether after-school clubs improve performance in certain
activities. Specifically, she wants to evaluate whether the number of hours
spent per week in an after-school chess club predicts the score in a year-end
district-wide chess tournament. She collects the number of hours spent per week
by each child in the chess clubs of 3 different schools. She then records their
scores at the year-end chess tournament, where a win is worth 3 points, a draw
is worth 1 point, a loss is worth 0 points, and each child plays multiple
games. She compiles the information in the table below.Conduct a bivariate linear regression to analyze the research question.

The steps will
be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part 1 of the
assignment—the only difference is that you are now responsible for creating the
data file as well. Remember to name and define your variables under the
“Variable View,” then return to the “Data View” to enter the data.

Hours Spent in After-school Chess Club	Chess Tournament Score
3	6
2	0
3	4
5	13
2	6
1	0
7	10
4	3
8	12
4	7
3	3
2	3
4	0
10	15
5	7
6	9
3	5

a)
Paste the SPSS output. (3 pts)

Descriptive Statistics
	Mean	Std. Deviation	N
HoursSpentInAfterSchoolChessClub	4.24	2.386	17
ChessTournamentScore	6.06	4.562	17
Correlations
	HoursSpentInAfterSchoolChessClub	ChessTournamentScore
Pearson Correlation	HoursSpentInAfterSchoolChessClub	1.000	.837
ChessTournamentScore	.837	1.000
Sig. (1-tailed)	HoursSpentInAfterSchoolChessClub	.	.000
ChessTournamentScore	.000	.
N	HoursSpentInAfterSchoolChessClub	17	17
ChessTournamentScore	17	17

Model Summary
Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.837a	.701	.681	1.348
a. Predictors: (Constant), ChessTournamentScore
ANOVAa
Model	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	63.817	1	63.817	35.139	.000b
Residual	27.242	15	1.816
Total	91.059	16
a. Dependent Variable: HoursSpentInAfterSchoolChessClub
b. Predictors: (Constant), ChessTournamentScore
Coefficientsa
Model	Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.	95.0% Confidence Interval for B
B	Std. Error	Beta	Lower Bound	Upper Bound
1	(Constant)	1.583	.554		2.856	.012	.402	2.764
ChessTournamentScore	.438	.074	.837	5.928	.000	.280	.595
a. Dependent Variable: HoursSpentInAfterSchoolChessClub

b)
Construct a scatterplot of the
relationship between the 2 variables. Plot the regression line on this graph.
(3 pts)

c)
Is hours in after-school chess
club predictive of chess tournament scores in this sample? Write a Results
section in current APA style describing the outcome. All homework Results
sections must follow the example given in the SPSS tutorial presentation and
the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in Current
APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to a figure).The statistical statement for a bivariate linear regression must
include at least the equation of the line and the confidence interval for the
slope (the second row under Confidence Intervals in the output), as well as a
decision about the null hypothesis. (3 pts)

APA Results: A linear regression analysis was conducted to see if the
time spent at an after school chess club would predict the scores at a chess
tournament. The results showed a significant positive linear correlation, r
(17) = .84, p > .01. The equation for the best prediction rule is Y = 1.58 +
.438x. The confidence interval is
from .280 to .595 and did not contain the value of zero indicating that there
is a significant relationship between the variables. The linear relationship
between hours spent at the school chess chess club and scores in the chess
tournament accounted for 70% of the variance in the hours spent at the after
school club (R2 = .701. The null hypothesis of no predictive relationship
between the variables is rejected, therefore the more hours spent in the after
school chess club tend to predict higher chess tournament scores.

Part
3: Cumulative Homework

1.
A neuropsychologist is
assessing the relationship between visual attention levels and the ability to
multitask in a sample of 14 patients. He administers a visual continuous
performance test to assess levels of visual attention on which scores can range
from 1 to 20: a high score indicates better visual attention levels. He then
has each patient complete a task that requires high levels of multitasking.
Errors are counted, and a high number of errors indicates poor multitasking
skills. The scores are listed in the table below. Choose the correct test to
analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the
directions under the table below.

The steps will
be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part 1 of the
assignment—the only difference is that you are now responsible for creating the
data file as well. Remember to name and define your variables under the
“Variable View,” then return to the “Data View” to enter the data.

Visual Attention Test Scores	Number of Errors in Multitasking
3	25
8	18
9	18
4	26
15	6
6	19
18	3
17	4
19	6
6	16
5	14
20	2
17	5
5	23

a)
Paste the appropriate SPSS
output. (4 pts)

Descriptive Statistics
	Mean	Std. Deviation	N
VisualAttentionTestScores	10.86	6.383	14
NumberOfErrorsInMultitasking	13.21	8.649	14

Correlations
	VisualAttentionTestScores	NumberOfErrorsInMultitasking
VisualAttentionTestScores	Pearson Correlation	1	-.944**
Sig. (2-tailed)		.000
N	14	14
NumberOfErrorsInMultitasking	Pearson Correlation	-.944**	1
Sig. (2-tailed)	.000
N	14	14
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

b)
Paste the appropriate SPSS
graph. (4 pts)

c)
Write a current APA-style
Results section based on your analyses. All homework Results sections must
follow the example given in the SPSS tutorials and the Course Content document
“Writing Results of Statistical Tests in Current APA Format” (note: you do not
have to refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null
hypothesis. (4 pts)

APA Results: A Pearson correlation coefficient was conducted to
determine the relationship between visual attention test scores and errors in
multi-tasking. The results indicated a significant negative linear correlation
between the two variables r (14) = .944, p = .000. Therefore, we reject the
null hypothesis that the correlation between the variables is zero because as
the visual attention test scores increase the number of errors in multi-tasking
decreases.

Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET)
on Monday of Module/Week 6.