The first step in any sociological research project is to
formulate a hypothesis
collect data
define the problem.
review previous research
2 An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept is a(n)
variable
operational definition
hypothesis
correlation
3 The variable hypothesized to cause or influence another is called the
hypothetical variable
dependent variable
independent variable
correlation variable
4 A correlation exists when
one variable causes something to occur in another variable
a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable
a negative relationship exists between two variables
two or more variables are causally related
5 Through which type of research technique does a sociologist ensure that data are statistically representative of the population being studied?
sampling
experiments
ethnography
control variables
6 A variable that is hypothesized to vary depending on the influence of another variable is called a(n): Extraneous variable
Independent variable
Control variable
Dichotomous variable
Dependent variable
7 A _____ is a speculative statement about the relationship between two or more factors known as variables.
8 In order to obtain a random sample, a researcher might survey the attitudes of UNF students by passing out surveys to an algebra class
do all of the above
administer a questionnaire to every fifth woman who enters a business office
study the attitudes of registered Democratic voters by choosing every 10th name found on a city’s list of registered Democrats
9 In the 1930s, William F. Whyte moved into a lowincome Italian neighborhood in Boston. For nearly four years, he was a member of the social circle of “corner boys” that he describes in Street Corner Society. His goal was to gain greater insight into the community established by these men. What type of research technique did Whyte use?
secondary analysis
experimen
t
participant observation
survey
10 When sociologists want to study a possible causeandeffect relationship, they may engage in what kind of research technique?
ethnography
survey research
secondary analysis
experimen t
11 Emile Durkheim’s statistical analysis of suicide was an example of what kind of research technique?
ethnography
experimental research
secondary analysis
participant observation
12 By conducting a _____, researchers refine the problem under study, clarify possible techniques to be used in collecting data, and eliminate or reduce avoidable mistakes. hypothesis
random sample
literature review
hypothesis
13 A _____ exists when a change in one variable coincides with a change in the other
random sample
hypothesis
literature review
correlation
14 In a _____, every member of an entire population being studied has the same chance of being selected
hypothesis
literature review
correlation
random sample
15 One assigned chapter opened with a discussion of the work of Patricia and Peter Adler. The vignette demonstrates how sociologists study behaviors that are private and personal. What specific behavior did they write about? People with eating disorders
People who put tattoos on their faces and other highly visible places
People who cut themselves and administer other self
injuries
People who have unusual sexual fetishes
Men who visit prostitutes
16 The type of social research that involves immersive observation and extended, systematic fieldwork is called:
Content analysis
Ethnograph
y
Central method
Seconday analysis
Quasi
experiments
17 Which of the following is not one of the standards in the sociological code of ethics:
Maintain objectivity and integrity in research
Respect the subject’s right to privacy and dignity
Protect subjects from personal harm
Pay subjects for their participation
Preserve confidentiality
18 According to C. Wright Mills, we can define _____ as the ability to see the societal patterns that influence the individual as well as groups of individuals
the social principle
the positivist impulse
the epistemic impulse the sociological mandate
the sociological imagination
19 Who is not listed as an important founder of sociology?
W.E.B. Du Bois
Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Charles Darwin
20 According to the text, sociology’s ability to look behind things taken for granted, looking instead to
the origins of social behavior is called:
Social illumination
Debunking
Provenance sourcing
Reanimatio
n
Truth digging
21 The historical epoch characterized by reliance on human reason to solve problems and understand the world is called:
The postmodern era
The iron age
The dark ages
The Chalcolithic
The Enlightenment
22 Which of the following is not one of the major theoretical traditions in sociology existentialism
functionalism
conflict theory
feminist theory
symbolic interaction
23 _____ occurs when some evidence supports your belief, but you falsely assume that it applies to many other situations, too.
Premature closure
Selective observation
Halo effect
Overgeneralizatio
n
24 _____ occurs when we let the reputation of something we accept as positive or prestigious "rub off" onto other areas
Overgeneralizatio
n
Premature closure
Selective observation
Halo effect
25 _____ occurs when you feel you have the answer and do not need to listen, seek information, or raise questions any longer.
Overgeneralizatio
n
Selective observation
Premature closure
Halo effect
26 _____ occurs when you take special notice of some people or events and tend to seek out evidence that confirms what you already believe and ignore contradictory information Premature closure
Halo effect
Overgeneralizatio
n
Selective observation
27 _____ is designed to address a specific concern or to offer solutions to a problem identified by an
employer, club, agency, social movement, or organization.
Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Evaluation research
Explanatory research
28 In _____, a researcher examines a new area to formulate precise questions that he or she can address in future research.
Evaluation research
Exploratory research
Explanatory research
Descriptive research
29 _____ identifies the sources of social behaviors, beliefs, conditions, and events, and documents causes, tests theories, and provides reasons.
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Explanatory research
Evaluation research
30 Sociologists often use what we know to dismantle common sense ideas or taken for granted "facts." The text calls this: Inducting
Empiricizin
g
Ends
clarification
Debunking
Desplaining
31 Stephen J. Gould’s assertion that religion and science inhabit separate, distinct domains of knowledge is called:
Nonoverlapping magisteria
Detached epistemologies
The theory of discrete spheres
Epistemic vitalism
32 The evil Lord Xenu’s spaceships looked like:
Metal spheres
Flying saucers
DC
8s
A ballistic missile
33 According to the chapter, the classic example used to exemplify the conflict between religion and science is:
fraud in the stock market
human / ape chimeras
evolution
global climate change
34 Why does the author of the chapter "Godless Science, Irrational Religion" claim that science is destabilizing?
Scientists are arrogant and show contempt for common people
Scientific inquiry produces a knowledge base that is constantly changing and growing as we gather and interpret evidence Scientists are politically active, and tend to promote particular ideologies
Science has no moral compass, and leads to hedonistic behavior in the populace
35 The use of statistics to describe society
emerged in 17th century Europe, particularly England and France
is generally confined to the United States, since European nations don’t collect social statistics
is opposed by the American Sociological association
is a new development which began in the last 20 years 36 According to the reading, who is at least partially to blame for distorted statistics
Social activitsts
Theologians
Mathematicians
Universities
