PHM450 Homework #4
1. Skin patch studies are typically performed to assess Type __ hypersensitivity.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
2. Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate reaction, also known as:
A) Prophylactic shock
B) Anaphylactic shock
C) Eczema
D) Edema
3. The plaque-forming assay is used to assess the ____ immune system.
A) Humoral
B) Cell-mediated
C) Innate
D) Automatic
4. Contact hypersensitivity is a Type ___ reaction.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
5. Dioxin (TCDD) targets cells in this organ to cause immunosuppression:
A) Spleen
B) Skin
C) Liver
D) Thymus
6. Benzene targets the bone marrow, resulting in:
A) Aplastic anemia
B) Hemolysis
C) Type II hypersensitivity
D) Arthus reactions
7. Cyclosporine A specifically targets:
A) Macrophages
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Sheep red blood cells
8. Which of the following is NOT an important mechanism for removing particulate matter from the lungs?
A) blowing your nose
B) swallowing
C) phagocytosis by macrophages
D) lymphatic removal
9. Inhaled anesthetics typically have a low solubility ratio. What will primarily determine the rate of transfer of these compounds into the bloodstream following inhalation?
A) charge
B) blood flow through the lungs
C) water solubility
D) rate of respiration
E) temperature
10. A particle with a diameter of 1 micron will be deposited in which part of the lung?
A) Nose
B) Trachea
C) Bronchi
D) Bronchiole
E) Alveoli
11. Inhaled nanoparticles may bypass the systemic circulation and be carried directly to the CNS through sensory nerve endings in the airway epithelia.
A) True
B) False
12. Which of the following is a chemical asphyxiant?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Methane
C) Hydrogen cyanide
D) hydrogen sulfide
E) All of the above
13. Lead is a well-known inducer of sideroblastic anemia. Sideroblastic anemia occurs following lead exposure due to:
A) Iron deficiency
B) Inhibition of heme synthesis
C) Destruction of red blood cells
D) Methemoglobinemia
14. Pancytopenia (and, in severe cases, aplastic anemia) typically results from damage to:
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Bone marrow
E) Hemoglobin
15. Many toxicants cause the formation of Heinze bodies. Heinze bodies are the result of damage to:
A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Platelets
D) Hemoglobin
16. In which of the following locations of the heart would one NOT find spontaneous depolarization?
A) SA node
B) Myocardium
C) AV node
D) Bundle of his
E) Purkinje fibers
17. Which of the following is most likely NOT a cause of myocardial reperfusion injury?
A) Cellular pH fluctuations
B) Damage to the sarcolemma
C) Generation of toxic oxygen radicals
D) Calcium overload
E) Inhibition of the electron transport chain
18. Cardiac glycosides:
A) Increase the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase
B) Make the resting membrane potential more negative
C) Can have sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic effects
D) Decrease ventricular contractility
E) Increase AV conduction
19. Which of the following is NOT a common cardiotoxic manifestation of cocaine abuse?
A) Parasympathomimetic effects
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Cardiac myocyte death
D) Ventricular fibrillation
E) Ischemia
20. Which of the following is NOT a common mechanism of vascular toxicity?
A) Membrane disruption
B) Oxidative stress
C) Bioactivation of toxicants
D) Reduction and accumulation of LDL in endothelium
E) Accumulation of toxicants in vascular cells
