Writers Den

1. A behavioral therapist arranges a program for a dozen compulsive liars, all of who want to be more honest. Each person contributes $10 to a group fund and then signs an agreement that the one who tells the fewest lies during the next month will keep the cash in the fund. This is an example of

A.

systematic desensitization.

B.

contingency contracting.

C.

a token system.

D.

aversive conditioning.

QUESTION 2

1. _____ refers to the category of learning in which voluntary behavior is affected by its consequences.

Cognitive mapping

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

Superstitious learning

QUESTION 3

1. Discrimination learning is to generalization as

A.

green is to blue.

B.

stop is to go.

C.

ball is to round.

D.

tall is to basketball.

E.

heavy is to obese.

QUESTION 4

1. I am thinking of a rule that would apply to the following letters: A – E – I. You are to guess the rule. You ask whether the letter O also applies, and I say “Yes.” You say “The letter U?” and I say “Yes.” If you now guess that the rule is “vowels,” I tell you that you are wrong—the rule is “letters that go up in the alphabet.” Your error was an example of which cognitive tendency that interferes with problem solving?

inducing structure

confirmation bias

linguistic relativity

insight learning

QUESTION 5

1. The core concept of all behavioral therapies is that

A.

a troubled client has never received unconditional positive regard.

B.

both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are the result of learning.

C.

symptom substitution is a desirable process and will lead to permanent improvement.

D.

unconscious conflicts can be resolved through the analysis of resistances.

QUESTION 6

1. Only classical conditioning can account for learning new behaviors.
2. True
3. False

QUESTION 7

1. Research has shown that continuous schedules promote quicker learning initially, but partial (or intermittent) schedules are more effective in maintaining a learned behavior over time.
2. True
3. False

QUESTION 8

1. Axons receive messages from other neurons, whereas dendrites carry messages to another neuron.
2. True
3. False

QUESTION 9

1. Through the process of classical conditioning, service dogs can be trained to do a variety of household tasks, including the laundry.
2. True
3. False

QUESTION 10

1. According to Dr. Harris’s lecture, the behavioral perspective is currently the most dominate psychological perspective in the field.
2. True
3. False

QUESTION 11

1. A common heuristic is to divide a problem into intermediate steps, or _____, and to solve each of these steps to reach a larger goal.

QUESTION 12

1. The _____ includes identifying questions, formulating an explanation, and carrying out research.

QUESTION 13

1. The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist is known as _____.

QUESTION 14

1. Reinforcement that is effective only after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer is _____.

QUESTION 15

1. In _________ processing, perceptions are guided by the sensations themselves.

QUESTION 16

1. After a long run, Aaron sometimes experiences a feeling of euphoria, a “runners’ high” reflecting the activity of neurotransmitters called _____.

QUESTION 17

1. Psychology is the science of _____.

QUESTION 18

1. When a person ignores information that contradicts her firmly held ideas, she is influenced by _____.

QUESTION 19

1. “Eureka! I’ve got it!” That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem’s solution is termed _____.

QUESTION 20

1. The _____ perspective focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.