Writers Den

Question 20

1. According to Clark Hull’s drive theory of motivation, various drives are produced:
   

   by specific instincts that are common to both humans and animals.

   when our growth needs are not being met.

   when there is a physiological disruption of homeostasis.

   when we value a goal and expect that certain behaviours will lead to its accomplishment.

1 points

Question 21

1. The fight-or-flight response in both animals and humans is produced in part by the:
   

   parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

   sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

   somatic nervous system.

   central nervous system.

1 points

Question 22

1. Many modern sexual orientation theorists point out that people may experience attraction to people of the same gender, but may not identify themselves as homosexuals. Such a statement makes an important distinction between:
   

   homosexual behaviour and heterosexual behaviour.

   self-identity and sexual attraction.

   homosexual behaviour and bisexual behaviour.

   sexual attraction and sexual behaviour.

1 points

Question 23

1. An inherited characteristic that produces a particular response when an organism is exposed to a particular stimulus and is common to all members of a species is called a(n):
   

   motive.

   drive.

   instinct.

   incentive.

1 points

Question 24

1. Stanley Schachter’s ___________ asserts that human emotions are the product of the intensity of emotional arousal and cognitive labelling that occurs in response to environmental cues.
   

   somatic theory of emotion

   vascular theory of emotion

   two-factor theory of emotion

   facial feedback hypothesis

1 points

Question 25

1. The fact that children who are blind from birth express basic emotions facially in roughly the same way as sighted children do is consistent with the claim that:
   

   even the emotions of children are based largely on cognitive appraisals.

   basic human emotions are determined by sensory information sent directly to the amygdala.

   the emotional responses of children appear to largely be learned.

   at least for some emotions, humans may have innate fundamental emotion patterns.

1 points

Question 26

1. Hunger researchers initially assumed that the _____________ was a brain region responsible for initiating hunger and eating because when it was electrically stimulated, animals would begin to eat.
   

   ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

   ascending reticular formation

   paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

   lateral hypothalamus (LH)

1 points

Question 27

1. According to the text, the most obvious environmental factor that influences eating is the:
   

   number of people with which we are eating.

   availability of food.

   taste of food.

   variety of food.

1 points

Question 28

1. Researchers have determined that people tend to eat more food when they eat ______________. This most likely happens because under these conditions, the meals usually ___________.
   

   with other people; last longer

   with other people; are shorter

   the same thing repeatedly; are shorter

   alone; last longer

1 points

Question 29

1. Given that they can influence how other people respond to us, emotions can also be considered a form of:
   

   social communication.

   drive.

   motivation.

   affect.

1 points

Question 30

1. An approach to motivation called ________________ proposes that motivated behaviour stems from a person’s beliefs that particular behaviours will lead to a goal and from the worth that a person places on that goal.
   

   drive theory

   expectancy _ value theory

   intrinsic motivation theory

   social exchange theory