• Question 1
5 out of 5 points
In a study examining the effects of child care on children s social development, Dr. Morgan predicts that children enrolled in child care will be more cooperative than children who are cared for at home. Dr. Morgan s prediction is an example of a
Answers: structured observation.
speculation.
theory.
hypothesis.
• Question 2
5 out of 5 points
A strength of __________ is that it reflects participants everyday behavior.
Answers: the case study method
structured observation
the neurobiological method
naturalistic observation
• Question 3
5 out of 5 points
One limitation of a structured interview is that
Answers: the research cannot control the conditions under which the interview is given.
it does not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview.
its flexible procedure makes comparing individuals responses difficult.
it is an inefficient method of data collection.
• Question 4
5 out of 5 points
Professor Morris and his graduate students observe preschoolers in child-care centers and records each instance of crying, noting the reactions of nearby children. This is an example of __________ observation.
Answers: ethnographic
structured
neurobiological
naturalistic
• Question 5
5 out of 5 points
In his research, Dr. Ball observes children for a 30-minute period and checks off behaviors occurring during 120 fifteen-second intervals. This is an example of
Answers:
time sampling.
naturalistic observation.
systematic observation.
event sampling.
• Question 6
5 out of 5 points
For children under age 7 or 8, __________ is/are generally limited to the first session or two.
Answers: practice effects
cohort effects
observer bias
observer influence
• Question 7
5 out of 5 points
In a(n) __________, a thin, flexible optical fiber is attached to the scalp and infrared (invisible) light is beamed at the brain.
Answers:
NIRS
fMRI
PET
EEG
• Question 8
5 out of 5 points
In human research, diabetic mothers bear children who, at school age, tend to score lower than their agemates on __________ tests.
Answers:
intelligence
endurance
self-esteem
motor development
• Question 9
5 out of 5 points
Which of the following children of immigrant parents is the most likely to show high academic achievement and good emotional adjustment?
Answers: Maria, the daughter of Central American immigrants
Jade, the daughter of Mexican immigrants
Nguyen, the son of Vietnamese immigrants
Kataro, the son of Japanese immigrants
• Question 10
5 out of 5 points
In observational research, multiple observers are asked to evaluate the same behaviors in order to strengthen
Answers:
inter-rater reliability.
test retest reliability.
external validity.
internal validity.
• Question 11
5 out of 5 points
Dr. Uley s neurobiological data can be strengthened by comparing children s responses to the same measures on separate occasions. This is an example of
Answers:
test retest reliability.
inter-rater reliability.
internal validity.
external validity.
• Question 12
5 out of 5 points
Which of the following statements is true regarding correlation coefficients?
Answers: The closer the value is to zero, the stronger the relationship between variables.
The magnitude of the number indicates the direction of the relationship.
A value of +.78 indicates a stronger correlation than a value of .78.
A value of 1.00 indicates a strong relationship between variables.
• Question 13
5 out of 5 points
A(n) __________ design permits inferences about cause and effect because researchers use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions,
Answers: longitudinal
cross-sectional
experimental
correlational
• Question 14
5 out of 5 points
To protect against __________, researchers use __________ of participants to treatment conditions.
Answers: cohort effects; matching
confounding variables; random assignment
practice effects; random assignment
observer influence; matching
• Question 15
5 out of 5 points
In __________, researchers capitalize on opportunities to randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings.
Answers:
field experiments
a correlational design
laboratory experiments
ethnological studies
• Question 16
5 out of 5 points
Researchers at Leche University compared the childhood IQ scores of bottle-fed versus breastfed infants. Parental income and education, family size, and birth weight were matched. This is an example of
Answers: a field experiment.
the clinical method.
a natural experiment.
biased sampling..
• Question 17
5 out of 5 points
The widely publicized Mozart effect came from a study which reported
Answers: intellectual gains of school-age children listening to classical music before taking tests.
cognitive gains of infants listening to a government-provided Mozart CD.
higher IQ scores of adolescents who participated in weekly music lessons for five or more years.
higher spatial relations reasoning scores of college students listening to Mozart just before taking a test.
• Question 18
5 out of 5 points
One advantage of longitudinal research is that it
Answers: reveals cohort effects.
permits study of common patterns and individual differences in development.
avoids problems of selective attrition and practice effects.
offers insight into how change occurs.
• Question 19
5 out of 5 points
Mr. Goodman willingly participates in mental health research because he has a personal desire for mental health services provided by the investigators. This poses what problem for investigators?
Answers: practice effects
selective attrition
biased sampling
cohort effects
• Question 20
5 out of 5 points
The most widely discussed threat to the validity of longitudinal findings is
Answers: biased sampling.
selective attrition.
the cohort effect.
the practice effect.
• Question 21
5 out of 5 points
To determine if cohort effects are having an impact on his research, Dr. Santiago should use the __________ research design.
Answers: microgenetic
cross-sectional
longitudinal
sequential
• Question 22
5 out of 5 points
The __________ design presents children with a novel task and follows their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions.
Answers: longitudinal
sequential
cross-sectional
microgenetic
• Question 23
5 out of 5 points
One limitation of the microgenetic design is that it
Answers: cannot be used to trace the mastery of new skills.
does not offer insight on how change occurs.
requires intensive study of participants moment-by-moment behaviors.
is not especially useful for studying cognitive development.
• Question 24
5 out of 5 points
Research focusing on __________ typically receives the most scrutiny.
Answers: college students
young children
adults
adolescents
• Question 25
5 out of 5 points
Which of the following statements is true about risks in child research?
Answers: Research risks are similar across all age groups.
Compared with adults, children benefit more from research experiences.
Children will withdraw from a study if they feel uncomfortable.
False feedback can be especially stressful to children.
