King
Fahd University Of Petroleum and Minerals
ISE
490 SENIOR PROJECT
Transportation
System between Dammam and Jubail
AL-AJMAH, SAEED
Saud Alhanaky
Prepared for
Dr. Nabil Nahas
Contents
1. Introduction.2
1.1Background/Overview..2
1.2Current Use.2
1.3System Components and Functions.2
1.4Advantages and Disadvantages of Current system..4
1.5Need Identification.4
2. Problem Definition.4
2.1Goal4
2.2Design Objectives.4
2.3Design constraints.5
2.4Development of design criteria.5
3. Gathering System Information.6
3.1Technical Information.6
3.2 General Information About the system..6
3.3 Information about Cars.7
3.4 Information about Trucks.7
3.4 Information about Busses.8
3.5 Calculations and Assumptions.8
3.5.1 Accidents Analysis.8
3.5.2 Number of Trips.9
3.5.3 Tons in the System..10
3.5.4 Maintenance cost11
3.5.5 Maintenance per Ton.12
3.6 Market research.14
3.7Information Statistics and Analysis.14
4 Development of Customer and Technical Requirements.16
4.1Quality Function Deployment16
4.2The House of Quality.17
5.0 Generation of System Alternatives.18
5.1 Development of Engineering System Specifications.18
5.2 Brainstorming.19
5.3 Conceptualizing System Alternatives.20
6.0 System Evaluation and Selection.24
6.1Analysis of Technical Performance of Proposed System Alternative.24
6.2 Evaluation of System Alternative.24
6.2.1 Pair
wise comparison relative to safety.25
6.2.2Pair wise comparison relative to Project cost26
6.2.3Pair wise comparison relative to Time.27
6.2.4Pair wise comparison relative to Maintenance cost28
6.2.5Pair wise comparison relative to speed.29
6.3Total Overall Preferences.29
6.5Selection of Preferred Alternative.30
7.0Conclusion.31
Appendix.31
Transportation System Dammam-jubail
survey.31
Goods transportation
between dammam and jubail36
This project is about improving the current system of transportation
between Dammam and Jubal. For this purpose, a set of procedures and steps will
be presented through this senior project report. We chose Dammam jubail road
because jubail has been established to be the most active city in the eastern
province. However, most of the workers working in jubail come daily to aljubail
from other cities. And unfortunately, there isn’t any other way to get to
jubail.
1.1Background/Overview
1.2Current Use
The Dammam jubail road currently is used as a connection point
between the two cities.Cars, busses, and trucks are using the road. In
addition, most of the population that uses the road is daily travelers who are
working in Jubal, and living in Dammam, khobar, and Dhahran.
1.3System Components and Functions
·
Cars:Ranges by
different sizes, mainly used by employees.
·
Busses: Big companies offering services to pick up their employees,
workers.
·
Road: four lanes,
around 120 kms long from the center of Dammam to jubail.
·
Trucks:for transferring goods from and to Dammam to jubail. It contains
various products and different ranges of sizes. Usually in containers.
1.4Advantages and Disadvantages of Current system
|
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
|
Easiest |
High |
|
You |
No |
|
Low |
Can |
|
Cannot |
In |
|
High |
1.5Need Identification
A general need of the
transportation system is to be a way of connecting a city with another one. For
the specific need moving workers, materials, citizens, and people passing by.
They are using cars, busses, and for materials they’re using trucks.
.
2. Problem Definition
2.1Goal
ž The goal of
this project is to design a new system by increasing its options of travelling
between Dammam and Jubail. Resulting in increasing safety and a decrease in
traffic jams. Also to decrease maintenance costs for both trucks and cars.
2.2Design Objectives
The objectives for developing a new design are listed below:
a.
Decrease the number of accidents
b.
Increase the number of transportation options
c.
Reduce maintenance cost
d.
Reduce traffic jams
e.
Reduce oil consumption
f.
Reduce travel time
g.
Reduce travel cost
2.3Design constraints
The constraints for the new system are:
·
The number of accidents should be less than 30%.
·
The Improvement cost shouldn’t exceed 1 billion SR.
·
The improvement time must not exceed 36 months.
·
The maintenance cost should not exceed 10% of the original project
cost.
·
The speed should not exceed the safety regulations.
2.4Development of design criteria
The criteria associated with each objective are as follow with same
order:
·
Safety.
·
Project Cost.
·
Time.
·
Maintenance Cost.
·
Speed.
3.1Technical Information
The technical
information gathered were from several resources that will be shown in the
references. Here is the information gathered about the current system:
3.2 General Information About
the system
In
order to understand the system better, we had to gather every bit of information
about the cars, busses, and trucks using the system in order to have the best
idea about it.
|
General Info: |
|
Distance between Dammam and |
|
Average people travel through Dammam and jubail |
|
Estimated Maintenance cost for |
|
Estimated Total consumption of |
|
Total number of accidents per |
|
Cost of accidents happened in |
|
Cost per one accident: 115,000 |
3.3 Information about Cars
|
Info regarding cars |
|
Total trips of cars going into and out of |
|
Maintenance cost per car for using the |
|
Oil consumption cost per car yearly: 2300 |
|
Rush hours for the current system for cars: |
3.4 Information about Trucks
|
Info regarding Trucks |
|
Estimated Total trips of trucks going into |
|
Estimated Total goods transferred by trucks |
|
One truck can carry a load of maximum 25 |
|
Maintenance cost per truck for using the |
|
Estimated Oil consumption cost per truck |
|
Rush hours for the current system for |
|
Cost of transforming one container from and |
3.4 Information about Busses
|
Info regarding Busses |
|
Estimated Total trips of busses |
|
Estimated Maintenance cost per |
|
Oil consumption cost per bus |
|
Rush hours for the current |
3.5 Calculations and
Assumptions
After
gathering information, and after having a brief idea about the system and the entities
that use it. We had to calculate and assume some of the numbers that we felt
needed for further more steps.
3.5.1 Accidents Analysis
We
had to find and calculate the number of accidents daily and yearly in the
system. Also calculate the cost for each accident. This will help us later to
evaluate the alternative in terms of safety as it used in criteria. The table
below
|
Average number of accidents daily: 2600/365= 7 per day |
|
Cost per accidents daily: 7*115,000= 815,000 SR |
|
Ratio for car per accident= 40,000/7= 5700 cars per one |
|
Ratio for truck per accident= 12,000/7= 1700 trucks per |
|
Ratio for bus per accident= 3000/7= 428 busses per one |
|
Cost of accidents for cars per day= 0.6*115,000= 69,000 |
|
Cost of accidents for trucks per day = 0.35*115,000= |
|
Cost of accidents for buses per day = 0.05*115,000= |
3.5.2 Number of Trips
|
Working |
Weekends |
||
|
Type of Vehicles Calculations |
Cars |
Trucks |
Buses |
|
The work days/year |
40,000*22*12 =10,560,000 trips |
12,000*22*12 =3,168,000 trips |
3000*22*12 =792,000 trips |
|
The |
15,000*8*12 =1,440,000 |
3,000*8*12 =288,000 |
_____________ |
|
The |
=10,560,000+1,440,000 =12,000,000 trips |
=3,168,000+288,000 =3,456,000 trips |
=792,000 trips |
The number of
trips of each entity during working days (from Sunday to Thursday):
The number of
cars trips during workdays per year= 40,000(the number of daily trips, a trip
is going from one city to the other) *22(the number of working days a month)
*12(the number of months a year) = 10,560,000 trips/year.
The number of
trucks trips during workdays per year= 12,000(the number of daily trips, a trip
is going from one city to the other)*22(the number of working days a
month)*12(the number of months a year) = 3,168,000 trips/year.
The number of
buses trips during workdays per year= 3,000(the number of trips a day, a trip
is going from one city to the other)*22(the number of working days a
month)*12(the number of months a year) = 792,000 trips/year.
The number of
trips of each entity during weekends (Friday and Saturday):
The number of
cars trips during weekends per year= 15,000(the number of trips a day on
weekends, a trip is going from one city to the other)*8(the number of weekends
days a month)*12(the number of months a year) = 1,440,000 trips/year.
The number of trucks trips during
weekends per year= 3,000(thenumber of trips a day on weekends, a trip is going
from one city to the other)*8(the number of weekends days a month)*12(the
number of months a year) = 288,000 trips/year.
Also we assumed that there are no
buses traveling between Dammam and Jubail during weekends.
3.5.3 Tons in the System
|
The weight of cars= 2 tons |
The weight of trucks= 40 tons |
The weight of buses= 14 tons |
|||
|
Calculations |
Cars |
Trucks |
Buses |
||
|
The total number of trips/ year |
=10,560,000+1,440,000 =12,000,000 |
=3,168,000+288,000 =3,456,000 |
=792,000 |
||
|
The total weight (tons/ year) |
=12,000,000*2 =24,000,000 (tons/ year) |
=3,456,000 *40 =138,240,000 (tons/ year) |
=792,000 *14 =11,088,000 (tons/ year) |
||
|
The total weight on the road per year |
= |
||||
The total number
of cars trips per year= 10,560,000(the number of trips during workdays a year)
+ 1,440,000(the number of trips during weekends days a year)= 12,000,000 trips
a year.
The total number
of trucks trips per year= 3,168,000(the number of trips during workdays a year)
+ 288,000 (the number of trips during weekends days a year)= 3,456,000 trips a
year.
The total number
of buses trips per year= 792,000(the number of trips during workdays a year)
The total weight
on the road of each entity a year:
The total weight
of cars a year= 12,000,000(the total number of trips of cars a year)*2(the
average weight of cars) = 24,000,000 tons a year.
The total weight
of trucks a year= 3,456,000(the total number of trips of trucks a year)*40(the
average weight of trucks) =138,240,000 tons a year.
The total weight
of buses a year= 792,000(the total number of trips of buses a year)*14(the
average weight of buses) = 11,088,000 tons a year.
The total weight
on the road per year= 24,000,000(weight of cars a year) +138,240,000(weight of
trucks a year) +11,088,000(weight of buses a year)= 173,328,000 tons a year.
3.5.4Maintenance cost
|
Total |
|||
|
Type of Vehicles
Calculations |
Cars |
Trucks |
Buses |
|
Percentage |
=(24,000,000/173,328,000) *100 =13.84% |
=(138,240,000/173,328,000) *100 =79.76% |
=(792,000/173,328,000)*100 =6.4% |
|
The |
= =2,400,000 |
= =13,824,000 |
= =1,776,000 |
The percentage
of weight of cars on the road= 24,000,000(the total weight of cars a year on
the road)/ 173,328,000(the total weight of all types of vehicles a year on the
road)*100
= 13.84%
The percentage
of weight of trucks on the road= 138,240,000(the total weight of trucks a year
on the road)/ 173,328,000(the total weight of all types of vehicles a year on
the road)*100
= 79.76%
The percentage
of weight of buses on the road= 792,000(the total weight of buses a year on the
road)/ 173,328,000(the total weight of all types of vehicles a year on the
road)*100
= 6.4%
The maintenance
cost of each type of vehicles a year:
The maintenance
cost of cars a year= 0.1384(the percentage of cars weight on the
road)*18,000,000(the total maintenance cost of the road a year) =2,400,000
Saudi riyals a year.
The maintenance
cost of trucks a year= 0.7976(the percentage of trucks weight on the
road)*18,000,000(the total maintenance cost of the road a year) =13,824,000
Saudi riyals a year.
The maintenance
cost of buses a year= 0.064(the percentage of buses weight on the
road)*18,000,000(the total maintenance cost of the road a year)=1,776,000 Saudi
riyals a year.
3.5.5 Maintenance per Ton
|
Total = 18,000,000 SR/year. |
The |
||
|
Type of Vehicles Calculations |
Cars |
Trucks |
Buses |
|
The Ton |
=18,000,000/173,328,000 = |
||
|
The |
=2,400,000/12,000,000 = |
=13,824,000/3,456,000 =4 |
=1,776,000/792,000 = |
The maintenance cost of each ton =
18,000,000(the maintenance cost of the road a year)/173,328,000(the total
weight on the road per year)= 0.1 Saudi Riyals per ton.
The maintenance cost for each
entity per trip:
The maintenance cost for cars per
trip= 2,400,000 (the total maintenance cost of cars)/ 12,000,000(the total
number of cars trips a year)= 0.2 Saudi Riyals per trip.
The maintenance cost for trucks per
trip= 13,824,000(the total maintenance cost of trucks)/ 3,456,000(the total
number of trucks trips a year)= 4 Saudi Riyals per trip.
The maintenance cost for buses per
trip= 1,776,000 (the total maintenance cost of buses)/ 792,000(the total number
of buses trips a year) = 2.24 Saudi Riyals per trip.
3.6 Market research
The second step of gathering information we have made it by
conducting a survey in order to get feedback from the people using the system
about what they really need and what they suggest. A sample of the survey is
provided in (APPINDEX I).
3.7Information Statistics and Analysis
After distributing the survey to 31 users,we provided questions
that are related to the current system, and what might be needed as an
alternative. After getting the feedback, the information was studied and the
results are listed in (table1).
|
Questions/options |
Option1 |
Option 2 |
Option 3 |
Option4 |
|
System usage |
Daily (66%) |
Weekly (26%) |
Monthly (6%) |
Rarely (2%) |
|
System purpose |
Studying (14%) |
Working (78%) |
Visiting (8%) |
|
|
System time travel |
5:30-7 am (64%) |
7-12pm (23%) |
12-3pm (6%) |
3-5pm (7%) |
|
System time travel ( jub-dmm) |
5:30-7 am (6%) |
7-12pm (8%) |
12-3pm (20%) |
3-5pm (66%) |
|
Number of accidents seen |
1-5 (30%) |
5-10 (54%) |
10-15 (9%) |
More than 15 (7%) |
|
Car maintenance cost |
3,000-4999 (25%) |
5000-6999 (27%) |
7000-9999 (35%) |
10000-14000 (13%) |
|
Way of travelling |
Own car (87%) |
Carpooling (9%) |
Bus(contractors) (0%) |
Bus(from company) (4%) |
|
Most problematic type of |
Cars (36%) |
Busses (4%) |
Trucks (60%) |
|
|
What alternative do you |
Busses network (13%) |
New lane for trucks (20%) |
New trucks road (12%) |
Train (55%) |
|
Usage of train if |
Daily (38%) |
Weekly (40%) |
Monthly (13%) |
Rarely (9%) |
Table 1 (user
feedback analysis)
|
Questions/options |
Option1 |
Option 2 |
Option 3 |
Option4 |
|
Do you transport goods |
yes (100%) |
no (0%) |
||
|
Number of trucks used ? |
100-149 (75%) |
150-199 (0%) |
200-250 (25%) |
|
|
Containers |
400-599 (25%) |
600-799 (50%) |
800-999 (25%) |
More than 1000 (0%) |
|
Time of transportation |
7-10am (0%) |
10-4pm (25%) |
4-7pm (25%) |
After7 pm (50%) |
|
Transportation cost per |
950 (0%) |
1050 (50%) |
1150 (50%) |
More than 1150 (0%) |
|
Maintenance cost per |
10,000-19,999 (0%) |
20,000-29,999 (50%) |
30,000-39,000 (50%) |
40,000-50,000 (0%) |
|
Number of accidents |
1-5 (75%) |
6-10 (25%) |
11-15 (0%) |
More than 15 (0%) |
|
Duration of trip |
90 minutes (50%) |
105minutes (25%) |
120 minutes (25%) |
|
|
What alternative do you |
Only trucks road (0%) |
New trucks lane (50%) |
Train (50%) |
|
|
trips preferred if train |
1 trip (0%) |
2 trips (50%) |
3 trips (25%) |
4 trips (25%) |
Table 2 (user
feedback analysis)
4 Development of Customer and Technical
Requirements
Due to the face of the need, the objectives and the survey that was
conducted, a number of customer requirements that they want them to be in the new
system were generated which are:
a.
Fewer accidents.
b.
Smooth traffic.
c.
Arrive faster.
d.
Multiple transportation options.
e.
Inexpensive.
f.
Comfortable.
g.
Long life cycle.
4.1Quality Function Deployment
In order to continue with the project steps, we have to link the
customer requirements with the engineering requirements, which are the initial
set of specifications for the new design. For this purpose, the quality
function deployment was used. It is a method to transform the user requirements
into design quality.
4.2The House of Quality
For the purpose of quality function deployment, the house of
quality was used. It is a tool that contains matrices for the customer
requirements and engineering requirements, which are derived from the customer
requirements, and the relation between both of them in addition to the
correlation matrix that links the engineering requirements with each other. The
use of the house of quality for this project is illustrated in (figures 2 and 3).
(House of
Quality)
(Correlation
matrix)
5.0 Generation of System
Alternatives
To
generate and search for an alternative system that satisfies the customer
requirements. And to find an efficient system.
5.1 Development of
Engineering System Specifications
After searching about the specifications
of similar systems, here are the final engineering system specifications:
1. Cost: 900,000,000 SR.
2. Traveling Time: 90 minutes.
3. Accidents: 1800.
4. Implementing Time: 36 months.
5. Distance: 120 Km.
6. Maintenance Cost: 18,000,000 SR
5.2 Brainstorming
After
seeing the results of the surveys and talking to our friends that use the
system daily, we sat down and started collecting ideas to come up with
alternatives that can improve the system.
One of the ideas, and it’s easier to implement
is that we add one lane on each side of the road. That will help the flow of
the vehicles on each side of the road. We thought about this alternative to
reduce the flow rate on each side especially on rush hours and surely will help
reduce number of accidents.
Other alternative is that we benchmarked
the Dammam jubail case and compared it to a similar scenario with the cities of
New York and New Jersey. They are in average in same distance and people who
live in New Jersey and work in New York use the train daily. So as a second
alternative we thought about building a train from Dammam to jubail. We thought
about this alternative due to large number of people travelling (50,000) and a
train will be a comfortable and safer way of travelling, Also one of the
reasons that the train can transfer goods. This alternative will reduce the
number of cars, trucks and busses.
Also one of our friends that use the system
daily suggested that we implement a network of busses that move from Dammam to
jubail and go back with scheduled timings daily. We thought about this alternative
because we have large number of people travelling between Dammam and jubail
(50,000) and this alternative will reduce the number of cars.
One idea also came to our minds that we
build a road for trucks use only. Since trucks already have restricted timings
and cause a lot of headache for car drivers, we thought that it would be a good
idea to have a road only for trucks. We thought about this alternative because
it will be a lot safer for both truck and car drivers. This will result in
smooth flow for the system.
5.3 Conceptualizing System Alternatives
After
the brainstorming session we came up with four alternatives.
We will discuss every alternative, its
specifications and also requirements in the upcoming paragraphs.
Alternative 1(adding new lane):
Safety: the safety of adding new lane
would increase due to the increase of flow rate of vehicles.
Project cost: the cost is 60,000,000 SR.
Time of travelling: would decrease in
rush hours.
Maintenance cost: 10% of the project cost
= 0.1*60,000,000 = 6,000,000 SR/year.
Speed: 120 Km/hr.
|
Criteria |
Evaluation |
|
Safety |
Good |
|
Project |
Good |
|
Time |
Poor |
|
Maintenance |
Poor |
|
Speed |
Good |
Alternative 2(building train):
Safety: the safety of building a train
would sharply increase because many trucks, buses and cars will be eliminated
from the road.
Project cost: the cost is 825,000,000 SR.
Time: 45 minutes.
Maintenance cost: 60,000,000 SR/year.
Speed: 160 Km/hrs for passenger train, 80
Km/hrs for goods
