Middle-class people in the United States own most of the wealth of the nat
1) True
2) False What is inequality?
1) Unequal distributon of scarce resources
2) Unequal distributon of people
3) Unequal distributon of power
4) Unequal achievement in the workplace What are characteristcs of huntng and gathering societes?
1) An elaborate division of labor
2) An elaborate ceremonial structure
3) Less stratficaton than exists in other societes
4) Greater stratficaton than exists in other societes Which of the following is true about industrial societes
1) They have more equality than other types of societes.
2) They are more stratfied than other types of societes. 3) They are less stratfied in occupatons than are other societes.
4) They emphasize communal living. A system of stratficaton in which class is ascribed at birth and cannot be changed is called an _____
system.
1) class
2) caste
3) estate
4) rigid To what does stratficaton refer?
1) Individual inability to succeed
2) Structural ranking of people according to their possession of scarce resources
3) Structural ranking of people according to their abilites
4) Distributon of scarce goods and resources Social class, according to Weber, is based on which of the following?
1) Wealth and life chances to accumulate wealth
2) One’s knowledge of high-society 3) Ownership of expensive items such as Italian sports cars and mansions in Beverly Hills,
California 4) Family background and educaton What does income, educaton, and occupaton measure?
1) A person’s level of refinement
2) A person’s status
3) A person’s power
4) A person’s socioeconomic status What is the best predictor of people’s earnings?
1) Educaton
2) Family background
3) Willingness to work hard
4) Intelligence Which is true of racial groups?
1) They are socially constructed categories of people who are distnguished from each other by
select physical characteristcs.  2) Definitons of race can include biological, physical, and social meanings.
3) Truly objectve criteria of racial groups based strictly on physical or biological characteristcs do
not seem to exist.  4) All of the above What are stereotypes?
1) Widely held beliefs about the character and behavior of members of a group
2) Negatve beliefs about the character and behavior of members of a group
3) Rigid and orderly rules of conduct
4) None of the above What is prejudice?
1) A negatve attitude about another group
2) An indicaton of low self-esteem
3) An acton to exclude another group
4) All of the above To what does exploitaton refer?
1) Stgmatzing another group as inferior to justfy their subordinaton
2) The systematc act of making money
3) Self-aggrandizement when used to make money 4) Making the most of one’s opportunites When does interracial contact lead to reduced prejudice?
1) When the partes are of equal status
2) When the situaton is stressful
3) When competton occurs
4) None of the above What is racism?
1) A set of beliefs, and actons based on those beliefs, about a racial group
2) Racial prejudice, but not discriminaton
3) The principle of equal opportunity for all races
4) Discriminaton based on race What happens in meltng pot assimilaton?
1) Each group contributes a bit of its own culture in a new synthesis
2) Each group is "Americanized"
3) Each group adopts a new culture
4) None of the above The practce of systematcally destroying a whole race _____.
1) has never occurred
2) is called exploitaton
3) is called genocide
4) is called subjugaton The split labor market causes fears about which of the following?
1) Cheap labor replacing workers in well-paying jobs
2) Cheap labor being eliminated
3) Shared jobs increasing in numbers
4) Unions causing conflict in industry What is the difference between gender and sex?
1) Gender pertains to the biological differences between males and females.
2) Gender pertains to the cultural concepts of masculinity and femininity.
3) Gender pertains to the behaviors expected of women and men.
4) Gender pertains to the influence of hormones on the nervous system.
What generally occurs in huntng and gathering societes? 1) Both men and women learn to be assertve and independent.
2) Men learn to be extremely assertve and independent, but women do not.
3) Women learn to be extremely assertve and independent, but men do not.
4) Women are very dependent. What happens in societes as they become more complex?
1) Men and women become more similar
2) Men and women become more equal
3) Men and women become more differentated
4) Women become more dominant What do structural functonalists theorize?
1) Men have traditonally played a more important role in society.
2) The roles of husbands and wives are becoming similar.
3) Women will play a less important role in society in the future.
4) The family is in serious trouble because roles are changing. What is one argument of conflict theorists?
1) Men have long considered women valuable property 2) Men do not consider women as equals in huntng and gathering societes
3) Women are no longer exploited by men
4) All of the above Jobs in the secondary labor force are being moved to developing world countries where women work for
low wages.
1) True
2) False
Which of the following is one major reason women earn less than men?
1) Wages in the secondary labor force, in which most working women are employed, are low.
2) They take tme off for child-rearing.
3) They leave the work force when they have children.
4) They lack adequate educaton. Often, what is the basis for women’s negatve self-perceptons?
1) The low status given to housewives
2) Hormonal fluctuatons
3) Their strength and independence
4) Their new independence from men What group has the shortest life expectancy?
1) Black males
2) Black females
3) White males
4) White females Where do the elderly most often live?
1) Metropolitan areas
2) Rural areas
3) The suburbs
4) All of the above about equally What do modernizaton theorists hold true?
1) The increased leisure of the elderly is dysfunctonal.
2) The lower status of the elderly is functonal.
3) The lack of skills among elderly workers causes their unemployment.
4) Social roles and the age of the populaton functon together. Disengagement theory argues that the elderly want to be less involved in the actvites of society. 1) True
2) False What does the social exchange theory argue about the elderly?
1) They have more bargaining power than the young.
2) They bargain for rewards by being compliant.
3) They compete with the young on the basis of experience.
4) They do not bargain for rewards. According to conflict theorists, which of the following is true regarding the elderly?
1) They are a powerful votng block with excessive assets.
2) They are a minority group in a youth-oriented society.
3) They are likely to be poor, depressed, and senile.
4) They are not a group at all. Who is likely to retre late?
1) Poor women without husbands
2) Married with a high social status
3) The working classes. 4) A random sample of the populaton.
Who is likely to retre early?
1) Poor women without husbands
2) Married with a high social status
3) The working classes
4) A random sample of the populaton Complementary needs theory of mate selecton based on the idea that people marry those who provide
the maximum need gratficaton when needs tend to be complementary rather than similar.
1) True
2) False What is the family?
1) A social system
2) A primary group
3) A social insttuton
4) All of the above
The nuclear family consists of only the husband and wife.
1) True 2) False According to the functonalist perspectve, what do the functons of the family include?
1) Nurturant socializaton of children
2) Emotonal support for adults
3) Regulaton of sexual behavior
4) All of the above
The chief means of sexual regulaton is by _____.
1) chaperones
2) socializaton
3) sex segregaton
4) law Which of the following is the basis of marriage, according to the exchange theory?
1) Spouses’ giving each other complete fulfillment
2) Getting the best spouse for what one has to offer
3) The bride price
4) Exchanging independence for dependence What do symbolic interactonists point out concerning marriage?
1) People bring certain expectatons to a marriage.
2) Marriage is based on knowing right from wrong.
3) Disagreements always occur over values.
4) Agreement is necessary regardless of the situaton. Single children tend to be _____.
1) intellectually superior
2) happy
3) successful
4) all of the above How was the sacred defined by Durkheim?
1) Anything occurring in nature
2) Anything that is set apart and treated with reverence and awe
3) Anything that is not a part of this world
4) Anything that is mundane and nonspiritual How do prophets differ from priests? 1) Prophets maintain the status quo.
2) Prophets are frequently critcal of society and social insttutons.
3) Prophets owe their authority to the church.
4) Prophets represent society, not the church. Cults are not religions because they lack community.
1) True
2) False Which of the following is true about religious systems?
1) They are only remotely related to social life.
2) They are closely linked to the family, but not to other social systems.
3) They are closely linked to economic insttutons, but not to other social systems.
4) They are closely linked to the family, the economy, politcs, and educaton. Other social functons of religion include which of the following?
1) Social control
2) Reconciling people to hardship
3) Rtes of passage 4) All of the above
One functon of religion is to preserve and solidify the society.
1) True
2) False What do conflict theorists believe about religion?
1) It serves as a tool of the ruling class.
2) It serves to create conflict between church and sect.
3) It serves to create conflict between church and state.
4) All of the above Teaching Darwinism in the public schools has been critcized by some religious groups for which of the
following reasons?
1) Darwinism has nothing to do with science.
2) Darwinism goes against literalist religious beliefs in divine creaton.
3) Creatonism is a science and should be taught in schools.
4) Darwinism is not religion.
