Question 1
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_______ said that there’s a
collective unconscious shared by all human beings, containing universal
memories, symbols, and images that are the legacy of human history.
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A. Carl Jung
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B. Sigmund Freud
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C. Karen Horney
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D. Raymond Cattell
Question 2
Which of the following istrue of
an individualist culture?
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A. Group harmony takes precedence
over the wishes of the individual.
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B. The self is defined in the context
of relationships.
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C. The independence of the individual
often takes precedence over the needs
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of the group.
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D. The sense of self is viewed as
more flexible than it is in collectivist cultures.
Question 3
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During a mildly stressful task,
reactive children are more likely than nonreactive to show _______
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A. high levels of stress hormone.
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B. decreased brain activity.
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C. no physiological change.
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D. decreased heart rates.
Question 4
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For Gordon Allport, our personalities
reflect
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A. between five to ten central traits
and additional secondary traits.
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B. the ways we cope with the struggle
to find meaning in existence.
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C. whether or not a person received
unconditional positive regard throughout childhood.
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D. a gradual progression toward
self-actualization.
Question 5
According to Abraham Maslow,
themost important
aspects of personality are
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A. the Big Five personality traits.
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B. the instincts and repressed
conflicts of a person.
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C. the qualities of the
self-actualized person.
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D. the reinforcers and punishers in a
person’s learning history.
Question 6
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A psychologist is studying how a
society’s shared rules, along with the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by
most members of that community, affect the behavior of individuals. This
research could be described as investigating the effect of _______ on behavior.
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A. culture
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B. the collective unconscious
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C. shared environment
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D. reciprocal determinism
Question 7
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Some psychologists critique
psychodynamic theories because they’re largely based on the retrospective
accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that
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A. adult memories of childhood
experiences may be flawed.
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B. random samples are biased.
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C. childhood experiences can affect
adult personalities.
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D. retrospective studies only focus
on atypical adults.
Question 8
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______ is love and support given to
another person with no conditions attached.
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A. Existentialism
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B. Self-actualization
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C. Collective unconscious
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D. Unconditional positive regard
Question 9
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Carl Rogers would have agreed that
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A. a parent can correct a child’s
behavior without withdrawing love from the child.
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B. punishment is of major importance
in becoming a fully functioning person.
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C. positive regard from a parent is
only effective if it’s revoked when a child misbehaves.
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D. human nature involves a fear of
freedom, loneliness, and the struggle for meaning.
Question 10
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Freud’s theory is called _______
because it emphasizes the movement of psychological energy within the person.
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A. neurogenic
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B. genetic
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C. psychodynamic
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D. cognitive
Question 11
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Phrases such as “displacing one’s
anger,” “being in denial,” and “repressing a memory” are all based on ideas
related to
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A. social-cognitive learning theory.
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B. psychodynamic theory.
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C. neurogenic.
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D. trait theory.
Question 12
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___ is a fundamental personality
dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.
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A. Agreeableness versus antagonism
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B. Extroversion versus introversion
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C. Neuroticism versus emotional
stability
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D. Openness to experience versus
resistance to new experience
Question 13
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In psychoanalysis, which component of
personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious
psychological energies and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure?
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A. Id
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B. Ego
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C. Libido
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D. Superego
Question 14
Howard’s psychologist asks him to
take a personality test. The test consists of a series of standardized
multiple-choice items. The test also includes a section where Howard is asked
to rate himself on a series of scales. This ismost likely
a(n)
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A. projective test.
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B. objective test.
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C. Rorschach test.
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D. humanist test.
Question 15
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Which of the following describes the
general relationship between genes and personality?
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A. A genetic predisposition doesn’t
necessarily imply genetic inevitability.
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B. Personality problems that have a
genetic component will inevitably occur if a person has the particular gene(s).
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C. In spite of genetic dispositions
and temperament, we can transform our personality completely.
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D. Personality problems that have a
genetic component are permanent.
Question 16
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In behavioral genetic research, the
_______ includes personal experiences, such as winning the lead in the school
play.
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A. individualist culture
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B. non-shared environment
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C. shared environment
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D. collectivist culture
Question 17
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_______ is a statistical estimate of
the proportion of the total variance in some trait that’s attributable to
genetic differences among individuals within a group.
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A. Reciprocal determinism
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B. Heritability
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C. Factor analysis
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D. Congruence
Question 18
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Which of the following is an emphasis
shared by all psychodynamic theories?
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A. An emphasis on unconscious
processes within the mind
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B. An emphasis on our uniquely human
capacity to determine our own actions and futures
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C. An emphasis on adult experiences
as the cause of ongoing problems
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D. An emphasis on the heritability of
temperaments
Question 19
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The personality theorist who
described the importance of having peak experiences was
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A. Abraham Maslow.
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B. Carl Rogers.
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C. Rollo May.
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D. Karen Horney.
Question 20
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In behavioral genetic research,
_______ includes the family background in which you grew up and the experiences
you shared with your siblings and parents.
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A. heritability
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B. the non-shared environment
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C. the shared environment
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D. the peak experience
Question 21
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Kellie is fearful in situations where
she must eat in public or write in the presence of others. She is worried that
she might say or do something embarrassing. Kellie is exhibiting the symptoms
of a(n)
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A. generalized anxiety disorder.
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B. idiosyncratic phobia.
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C. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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D. social phobia.
Question 22
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_______ disorders include conditions
that cause persistent sad, empty, or irritable moods.
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A. Personality
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B. Depressive
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C. Anxiety
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D. Dissociative identity
Question 23
Which of the following is an incorrectmatch?
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A. Agoraphobia—fear of fear, fear of
being trapped in public
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B. Social phobia—fear of situations
in which a person will be observed by others
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C. Compulsion—recurrent, persistent,
unwished-for images and thoughts
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D. Generalized anxiety
disorder—continuing sense of doom and worry
Question 24
Which of the following isnot a
symptom of mania?
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A. Feelings of power
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B. Extreme euphoria
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C. Impulsive behavior
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D. Angry rumination
Question 25
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The chief characteristic of
generalized anxiety disorder is
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A. short-lived, but intense, feelings
of spontaneous anxiety.
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B. excessive fear of a particular
situation.
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C. excessive, uncontrollable anxiety
or worry.
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D. repeated thoughts used to ward off
anxious feelings.
Question 26
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The voice hallucinations experienced
by schizophrenic individuals might be due to
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A. abnormalities in the thalamus.
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B. deficiencies in the auditory
cortex.
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C. shrinking of ventricles.
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D. abnormalities in the hippocampus.
Question 27
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______ refers to the fear of heights.
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A. Claustrophobia
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B. Acrophobia
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C. Triskaidekaphobia
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D. Agoraphobia
Question 28
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_______ consist of ambiguous
pictures, sentences, or stories that the test taker interprets or completes.
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A. Objective tests
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B. Projective tests
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C. Personality inventories
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D. Diagnoses based on the DSM
Question 29
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Which of the following would not be
considered to be a symptom of schizophrenia?
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A. A person’s belief that dogs are
extraterrestrials disguised as pets
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B. A person’s belief that he is Moses
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C. A person’s report that she hears
two voices conversing in her head
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D. A person using elaborate con
tricks to lie, seduce, or manipulate others
Question 30
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In the United States, the group at
highest risk of suicide is
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A. African-American women.
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B. American Indian men.
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C. African-American men.
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D. Caucasian women.
Question 31
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_____ is a disorder in which a person
feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts and repetitive, ritualized
behaviors.
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A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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B. Generalized anxiety disorder
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C. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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D. Borderline personality disorder
Question 32
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According to psychological
scientists, “dissociative amnesia”
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A. is the mechanism that causes
traumatized children to repress their ordeal and develop several identities.
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B. lacks historical and empirical
support.
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C. can be uncovered by continuous
interviewing.
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D. occurs when a person keeps
recalling traumatic experiences.
Question 33
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After surviving an Amtrak derailment,
John experienced frequent, vivid thoughts and images of the accident for
several months. He also had problems sleeping and was irritable and withdrawn.
John is suffering from
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A. major depression.
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B. posttraumatic stress disorder.
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C. generalized anxiety disorder.
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D. panic disorder.
Question 34
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Some people with schizophrenia
completely withdraw into a private world, sitting for hours without moving.
This condition is called
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A. disorganized behavior.
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B. a catatonic stupor.
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C. a bizarre behavior.
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D. a hallucination.
