EXAM 1
Question 1
Home delivery
is usually attended by a doctor.
is not
appropriate if the mother is at risk for any kind of complication.
gives the mother less control
over her own care than in a hospital.
provides a safer birthing
environment than a hospital.
Question 2
In a __________ design, groups of people differing in age
are studied at the same point in time.
microgenetic
cross-sectional
sequential
longitudinal
Question 3
The term teratogen refers to
a fluid within the placenta that
helps feed the fetus.
any
environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.
the blood that is passed from
mother to child through the umbilical cord.
a perfect test score given to a
newborn upon delivery.
Question 4
Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that
children develop so that they can
exhibit characteristically different behaviors arranged around specific age
groups.
change
is possible and likely if new experiences support it.
individuals high and low in a
characteristic will remain so in later ages.
children experience similar
circumstances that result in wide individual differences.
Question 5
In vitro procedures
have never been used by a couple
who could have become pregnant naturally.
are most often used to permit
women without a male partner become pregnant
cannot help postmenopausal women
become pregnant
can
ensure that couples with X-linked diseases have a daughter.
Question 6
Vygotsky’s theory emphasizes that individual differences in
complex mental activities are mainly due to cultural differences in
infant physical care practices.
nutrition.
social
experience.
genetic makeup.
Question 7
When baby Zoey becomes upset when her mother leaves a room,
she is displaying
effortful control.
emotional self-regulation.
social referencing.
separation
anxiety.
Question 8
Continuous development regards the environment as the most
important influence.
True
False
Question 9
The notion that an effective match between child-rearing
practices and a child’s temperament will lead to favorable outcomes is known as
goodness-of-fit.
an internal working model.
sensitive caregiving.
secure base.
Question 10
A sequential design can identify cohort effects by comparing
groups of people of
the same age who were born in the
same year.
differing ages who were born in
different years.
differing ages who were born in
the same year.
the
same age who were born in different years.
Question 11
Emotions that can be directly inferred from facial
expressions are referred to as
self-conscious emotions.
basic
emotions.
social emotions.
referential emotions.
Question 12
In Piaget’s theory, what are two types of adaptation that
result in changes to schemas?
Organization and conservation
Assimilation and conservation
Accommodation
and assimilation
Accommodation and conservation
Question 13
In which period are serious prenatal effects most likely to
occur due to the effects of teratogens?
The period of the zygote
The same level of risk is present
during each of the prenatal stages.
The fetal period
The
embryonic period
Question 14
Higher-SES parents emphasize the importance of
__________________ for their children, whereas lower-SES parents emphasize
______________________.
external characteristics;
psychological traits
intellectual abilities;
psychological traits
external characteristics;
intellectual abilities
psychological
traits; external characteristics
Question 15
Discontinuous development views development as a progression
through a series of qualitatively distinct stages.
True
False
Question 16
Plasticity regards human change as possible if new
experiences support change.
True
False
Question 17
An infant born two months early but weighing an appropriate
amount for the time spent in the uterus is called
postterm.
small-for-date.
preterm.
breech.
Question 18
Which of the following is an ethical concern regarding in
vitro fertilization?
The privacy of donors may be
compromised as their identity is public record.
In vitro procedures cannot be
used to overcome most male fertility problems
Over 90 percent of in vitro
procedures result in multiple births.
Among
in vitro babies, the risk of major birth defects doubles.
Question 19
Which of the following is true of research rights involving
informed consent?
The right to inform consent
applies to all research participants except young children and elderly people
with mental impairments.
For
children 7 years and older, their own informed consent should be obtained in
addition to parental consent.
Unless the research obviously risks
harm to the participant, researchers are not required to obtain informed
consent.
In most cases, researchers need
only obtain the child’s assent; parental consent is not required.
Question 20
The innate system that contains a set of rules common to all
languages is called the
Home Observation
Language
Acquisition Device (LAD).
Chomsky device
Early Head Start.
Question 21
Nature Views heredity as the most important influence on
development.
True
False
Question 22
Marcus was physically abused by his parents during his early
years. Now he is in elementary school and living with a foster family; his
school counselor believes that the negative events of his first few years can
be overcome by his now positive life circumstances. The counselor emphasizes
the role of _____________________ in development.
nature
stability
nurture
stages
Question 23
Amanda believes that when her 1-year-old son says,
“hi” and “bye-bye,” his understanding of these greetings is
the same as her understanding. Amanda would likely characterize her son’s
development as
determined by nurture.
continuous.
determined by nature.
discontinuous.
Question 24
The stress of adapting to parenthood
can be
managed when parents support each other.
is generally more difficult for
men than it is for women.
goes on for at least the first
three or four years.
is not as great as most people
believe it to be.
Question 25
A neutral stimulus that leads to a new response after
learning has occurred is a(n)
conditioned
response (CR).
unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
unconditioned response (UR).
conditioned
stimulus (CS).
Question 26
Infant’s expression of fear toward unfamiliar adults during
the second half of the first year is called
separation anxiety.
the strange situation.
avoidant attachment.
stranger
anxiety.
Question 27
Baby Hector accidentally pushes over a tower of blocks. Each
time his sister rebuilds the tower, Hector tries to push it over again. In
Piaget’s theory, this is an example of a __________ circular reaction.
tertiary
secondary
primary
reflexive
Question 28
Socioeconomic status consists of
years of education, neighborhood
lived in, and cost of house.
size of bank savings account,
stock portfolio, and income.
years
at current job, prestige and skills required of job, and job title.
years
of education, prestige and skills required of job, and income.
Question 29
The left hemisphere of the brain is largely responsible for
verbal
abilities.
attention and complex thought.
spatial abilities.
regulation of negative emotions.
Question 30
In an individualistic society,
people
think of themselves as separate entities and are concerned with their own
needs.
people define themselves as part
of a groups and stress group goals.
a small group of people hold
different beliefs than those of the larger culture.
three or more generations usually
live together.
Question 31
Research shows that by age three, children in Early Head
Start
evidenced
gains in IQ only among middle-SES children.
had
warmer, more stimulating parenting.
showed an increase in aggression.
lost gains in IQ that they had
acquired while enrolled in the program as infants and toddlers.
Question 32
Piaget’s sensorimotor stage spans
ages 6 through 8.
ages 2 and 3.
the
first 2 years of life.
ages 3 and 4.
Question 33
Gabriela is inactive, shows mild, low-key reactions to
environmental stimuli, is negative in mood, and adjusts slowly to new
experiences. Gabriela would be classified as
easy.
uninhibited.
slow to
warm up.
difficult.
Question 34
A sensitive period is a time in which an individual is
lacking judgment due to a
destructive event.
nonresponsive to environmental
influences
especially
responsive to environmental influences.
unable to determine which
influences are environmental
Question 35
Resistant infants tend to have mothers who are
depressed.
unresponsive.
overstimulating.
highly intelligent.
Subsection
Question 36
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of two different
delivery methods. What factors are
related to choice of delivery method?
Question 37
Describe the concept of a sensitive period in human
development and how this concept was developed.
Question 38
Describe the physical, cognitive, and social characteristics
of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
