EXAM 2
Question 1
The most common psychological problem of adolescence is
depression.
anorexia.
delinquency.
schizophrenia.
Question 2
Parents of obese children tend to
give their children several
snacks a day.
reward
their children’s good behavior with food.
breastfeed their children into
toddlerhood.
feed on demand during infancy.
Question 3
Which parents will probably have teenagers with superior
school performance?
the
Berrys, who have an authoritative parenting style.
the Kidmans, who have a
permissive parenting style.
the Roberts, who have an
authoritarian parenting style.
the Bates, who have an
inconsistent parenting style.
Question 4
When Darren’s classmates were asked to rate each others’
likeability, he received almost no votes, either positive or negative. He would
be classified as
neglected.
controversial.
popular.
average.
Question 5
Natasha’s parents have an authoritative child-rearing style,
Natasha is likely to
be very anxious and insecure.
be extremely popular with peers.
act overly dependent on others.
feel
especially good about herself.
Question 6
Chin-Li’s teacher uses a constructivist classroom. Which of
the following would you be most likely to see there?
Children wandering around unable
to choose activities.
Students sitting in rows facing
the front of the classroom.
A teacher at the front of the
class lecturing to the entire class.
Small
groups of students engaged in different tasks.
Question 7
Elementary and middle-school students exposed to reciprocal
teaching
exhibit a drop in general
intelligence relative to their peers in traditional classrooms.
show delayed critical thinking
skills.
hinder teachers’ ability to
create a zone of proximal development within their classrooms.
show
impressive gains in reading comprehension.
Question 8
In North America, the typical two- to six year-old watches
television
for less than one hour a day.
for 3 ½ hours a day.
from 1
½ to 2 hours a day.
for more than 4 hours a day.
Question 9
Preschoolers rarely use memory strategies because
of slow information-processing.
strategy use requires
sophisticated cognitive inhibition.
of limitations in long-term
memory capacity.
strategies
tax young children’s limited working memories.
Question 10
According to Piaget, the most obvious change during the
preoperational stage is the increase in
problem solving skills.
logical thought.
representational
ability.
language ability.
Question 11
Preschoolers same-sex groups
increase children’s tolerance for
gender-inappropriate activities.
strengthen
gender-stereotyped beliefs and behaviors.
serve to reduce the gender
stereotypes coming from parents.
increase children’s opportunities
for cross-gender play.
Question 12
According to Vygotsky, private speech during the preschool
years
reflects young children’s
egocentrism.
helps
young children guide their behaviors during challenging tasks.
does not play a major role in
young children’s cognitive development.
is due to the nonsocial nature of
young children.
Question 13
In middle childhood, the average U.S. child watches TV an
average of ________ hours a day.
3½
5½
2
1
Question 14
Twelve-year-old Dorothy has just started her first menstrual
cycle. She is experiencing
spermarche.
menarche.
this maturational process much
later than the average North American female.
menopause.
Question 15
Lauren says to her playmates, “Don’t let Renee play
with your dolls. She’ll steal them.” This is an example of _____________
aggression.
antagonistic
relational
overt
instrumental
Question 16
Beginning in middle childhood, a common fear is
thunder and lightning.
ghosts and goblins.
being
robbed or hurt.
the dark.
Question 17
According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of middle
childhood is
autonomy versus shame and doubt.
industry
versus inferiority.
identity versus confusion.
generativity versus stagnation.
Question 18
Studies suggest that the U.S. No Child Left Behind Act
has
improved the quality of the public educational system.
has served to decrease
achievement gaps between black and white students.
is consistent with the emphasis
on teaching for deeper understanding.
has had
a negative impact on the self-esteem, motivation, and graduation rates of many
minority youths living in poverty.
Question 19
A decline in appetite during the preschool years
is
normal because growth has slowed.
suggests a pituitary hormone
disorder.
indicates a deficiency of
thyroxine.
is an early sign of ORT.
Question 20
Sanga has started experiencing a flood of biological
changes. At the end of these changes, she will have an adult-sized body and
have reached sexual maturity. Sanga is
developing an identity.
beginning menarche.
starting
puberty.
experiencing spermarche.
Question 21
Compared with the peer groups of middle childhood,
adolescent peer groups are
less tightly structure and
exclusive.
limited to peers of the same
gender.
not as constructive in their
activities.
increasingly
common and more tightly organized.
Question 22
Four- to seven-year olds regard friendship
as dependent on physical
proximity.
in terms of similar personality
characteristics.
as based on mutual trust.
as
pleasurable play and sharing toys.
Question 23
Dan and Leon are both college sophomores. Leon is
functioning at a higher moral reasoning level than Dan. What conclusion can we
draw based on that knowledge?
Leon is
more likely to help, share, and defend victims of injustice.
Leon is just as likely to cheat
on tests as Dan.
Dan is actually more honest than
Leon.
Dan is more likely to display
behavior that is in line with his beliefs.
Question 24
Research indicates that easy access to contraceptives for
teenagers results in
an increase in childbirth rates.
higher rates of sexual activity.
higher abortion rates.
reduced
pregnancy rates.
Question 25
Parents can help their adolescents achieve greater gains in
moral understanding by
remaining silent when adolescents
struggle with exercises in reasoning.
stating their own personal
opinions frequently.
listening critically to
adolescents’ ideas.
asking
clarifying questions.
Question 26
Kiela’s best friend is angry because Kiela played with
someone else during recess. Kiela talks to her friend and explains that,
although she likes playing together, sometimes she wants to do something
different. She asks her friend to understand her feelings and not be upset.
Kiela is using
emotional understanding.
emotion-focused
coping.
coregulation strategies.
problem-focused
coping.
Question 27
During early childhood, gender-stereotyped beliefs
are
applied as blanket rules that should not be violated.
are flexible until the age 5,
after which they become more rigid.
emerge very slowly, as parents
treat boys and girls in similar ways.
are highly flexible with respect
to clothing and hairstyle but less so with respect to types of play.
Question 28
Compared to younger children, school-age children are more
likely to explain emotions by making reference to
internal
states.
observable characteristics.
personality traits.
specific behaviors.
Question 29
Vygotsky viewed _________________ as an ideal context for
fostering cognitive development in early childhood.
book reading
outdoor play
make-believe
play
video game play
Question 30
The best way to reduce the emotional trauma of sexual abuse
on a child is to
move on quickly and not dwell
much on what has happened.
prevent
the abuse from continuing.
allow the child to see the abuser
is severely punished.
expose the child to other
children who have had similar experiences.
Question 31
According to psychoanalytic theory, _______________ leads to
conscience formation and moral behavior.
the emergence of the reality
principle
repression of sexual longings for
the mother or father
identification with the
opposite-sex parents
fear of
punishment and loss of parental love
Question 32
The authoritative child-rearing style is linked to
low self-reliance and high rates
of anger and defiance.
high
self-esteem, moral maturity, and favorable school performance.
low persistence, antisocial
behavior, and poor school performance.
poor emotional self-regulation
and attachment security.
Question 33
A secular trend in the timing of puberty is the tendency for
puberty to begin with breast
enlargement.
girls
to mature earlier than their mothers.
boys to mature later than girls
do.
menarche to begin after the
growth spurt.
Question 34
Which of the statements below is true of teenage mothers?
They are less likely to divorce
if they do marry.
They have fewer complications
during pregnancy due to age.
They
have a 30% likelihood of dropping out of school.
They are rarely on welfare.
Question 35
Sally and Susie are using dolls to act out a make-believe
story in which Sally is the mother and Susie is the daughter. What type of play
are these preschoolers engaging in?
associative play
nonsocial activity
parallel play
cooperative
play
Subsection
Question 36 Describe
the functions that cliques and crowds serve during adolescence, and explain the
factors that cause the importance of crowds and cliques to decline over time.
Question 37 Describe three teaching methods that foster achievement.
Question 38 Discuss the impact of religious beliefs on moral
values and behavior.
