The procedure of shaping does NOT invole

September 28, 2025 Claire B 0 Comments

The procedure of shaping does NOT invole ____.

	negative reinforcement
	multiple stages of conditioning
	conditioned reinforcer
	natural variability in behavior

1 points

QUESTION 2

A pigeon was put in an experimental chamber and received food at unpredictable intervals. But each time food follows a lighted key. Soon the pigeon start to peck the key with open beak similar to the response toward the food itself. This experiment would support which theory of autoshaping?

	Autoshaping as the basic process of operant conditioning.
	Autoshaping as intrusion of instinctive behavior patterns
	Autoshaping as a type of classical conditioning.
	Autoshaping as a superstitious behavior.

1 points

QUESTION 3

A free operant procedure differs from a discrete trial procedure in that ___ during a free operant procedure.

	the experimenter can set any behavior as the target
	the subject can perform the behavior any time
	there is no need to use reinforcement
	the subject is not confined in an experimental chamber or box

1 points

QUESTION 4

A consistent pause in responding right after each reinforcement occurs with operant conditioning using a ___ schedule.

	fixed ratio
	variable ratio
	variable interval
	continuous reinforcement

1 points

QUESTION 5

In backward-chaining a dog to perform a sequence of 5 behaviors, we start by providing the reinforcer when the dog performs ___.

	any of the five behaviors in the sequence
	the first behavior in the sequence
	the whole sequence of behaviors
	the final behavior in the sequence

1 points

QUESTION 6

The initial observations of “instinctive drift” were made ____.

	early in the acquisition phase of operant conditioning
	during the phenomenon of resurgence
	during the extinction process
	after successful learning through operant conditioning

1 points

QUESTION 7

According to Thorndike, a cat’s learning in his puzzle box does NOT involve ____.

	the cat’s knowledge
	the cat’s initial exploratory behavior
	the cat’s satisfaction
	a strengthened S-R connection

1 points

QUESTION 8

In a response chain, the weakest response is usually ____.

	the last response the individual learns
	the first response the individual learns
	the response at the end of the chain
	the response at the beginning of the chain

1 points

QUESTION 9

Humphreys’ paradox refers to the phenomenon that ___.

	a response that have been intermittently followed by a reinforcer is stronger than a response that has been followed by a reinforcer every time
	a response that have been intermittently followed by a reinforcer is faster to be conditioned than a response that has been followed by a reinforcer every time
	a response that has been followed by a reinforcer every time is faster to be conditioned than a response that have been intermittently followed by a reinforcer
	a response that has been followed by a reinforcer every time is stronger than a response that have been intermittently followed by a reinforcer

1 points

QUESTION 10

According to Skinner, what is the discriminative stimulus in the experiment where a cat learns to move a latch and escape from the puzzle box to get food?

	The food
	The latch that opens the puzzle box
	The puzzle box
	The satisfaction of escaping from the puzzle box

1 points

QUESTION 11

The phenomena of instinctive drift and autoshaping illustrated the importance of ___.

	genetics
	reacquisition
	conditioned stimuli
	reinforcers

1 points

QUESTION 12

A pigeon was trained in a chamber to peck a key to obtain food, and then the behavior was extinguished. Then the pigeon was trained in the same chamber to turn around to obtain food and then the second behavior was extinguished. The next time the pigeon was put in the same chamber, it will likely ___ according to the phenomenon of resurgence.

	turn around
	peck the key
	freeze up
	move around randomly

1 points

QUESTION 13

One of the ways in which operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning is ___.

	the process of extinction is not possible in operant conditioning
	the target response follows the reinforcement in operant conditioning but follows the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning
	the target response in operant conditioning does not come from an innate stimulus-response association
	the phenomenon of generalization is not observed in operant conditioning

1 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reinforcer?

	feeling of warmth in cold weather
	a good meal
	sexual pleasure
	a high test score

1 points

QUESTION 15

According to Skinner, superstitious behaviors are formed as a result of ____.

	accidental reinforcement
	second-order conditioning
	autoshaping
	conditioned reinforcement

1 points

QUESTION 16

What makes shaping such a useful technique in behavior modification is that it ___.

	relies on instinctive behaviors
	can be used to produce behaviors the learner has never displayed before
	produces behavior changes that are permanent
	does not require the use of reinforcement

1 points

QUESTION 17

In a percentile schedule of reinforcement, ____.

	the percentage of responses that receive reinforcement depends on how well the subject performs
	a higher and higher percentage of responses receive reinforcement as training proceeds
	a lower and lower percentage of response receive reinforcement as training proceeds
	a fixed percentage of response receive reinforcement as training proceeds

1 points

QUESTION 18

Dopamine plays a critical role in operant conditioning. Research has suggested that ____ triggers a dopamine burst that enables the neural changes in learning.

	the execution of the target behavior
	the reinforcement prediction error
	the presence of reinforcement
	the presence of the context for the target behavior

1 points

QUESTION 19

When photographing cats escaping their version of the puzzle box, Guthrie and Horton found that ____.

	most cats never learned to escape the box
	a cat’s responses became more consistent over trials
	all cats eventually learned to escape the box with exactly the same movements
	some cats did not need the food as reinforcement for learning

1 points

QUESTION 20

Typically people check the mailbox once everyday even though meaningful items (such as letters from friends or bills, rather than junk mail) don’t arrive everyday and the arrival is unpredictable. This is similar to responding in a ____ schedule of reinforcement.

	variable interval
	variable ratio
	fixed ratio
	fixed interval

1 points

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